XVI siglos consumiendo este alcaloide independientemente de la clase social El consumo de sustancias alucinógenas mediante inhalación de humo y esnifado, es una tradición muy asentada desde tiempos remotos en los Andes.Fuente: Journal of Archaeological Sciense El análisis paleobotánico de restos procedentes del noroeste de Argentina y de Atacama (Chile), revelaron en su momento la presencia de alcaloides como la nicotina y la triptamina (en tiempos prehispánicos). Un reciente estudio del pelo de 56 momias de diferentes períodos (mediante cromatografía y espectometría de masas), han constatado la presencia de nicotina en 35 de ellas, cuyas cronologías oscilan entre el siglo Ia.C y el siglo XV, lo que evidencia un consumo continuado de nicotina. Dado que no se han encontrado objetos específicos asociados a las momias con presencia de este alcaloide, se piensa que era consumida independientemente del status social. [/IMG]
Nicotine in the hair of mummies from San Pedro de Atacama (Northern Chile) Javier EcheverríaCorresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, Hermann M. NiemeyerCorresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile Highlights The hair of mummies were analyzed for psychoactive alkaloids by GC/MS. Tryptamines were absent from all samples while nicotine was found in 67% of them. Nicotine was consumed from the Late Formative to the Late Intermediate periods. Nicotine was consumed by members of society at large, irrespective of wealth status. Abstract The consumption of plant-derived hallucinogenic substances through smoking and snuffing is a long-standing tradition in the south-central Andes. Chemical and archaeobotanical evidence point to the consumption of nicotine and tryptamine alkaloids in Northwestern Argentina and of tryptamine alkaloids in San Pedro de Atacama (SPA), in prehispanic times. In this paper, results are reported of gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses aimed at identifying nicotine and tryptamine alkaloids in the hair of mummies from different cultural periods of SPA. Fifty-six samples were examined. While tryptamines were not found in any of the samples, nicotine was found in 35 samples, assigned to the Late Formative (1 of 1 sample from this period), Late Formative or Middle (1 of 2 samples from either of these periods), Middle (4 of 6 samples from this period) and Late Intermediate periods (8 of 12 samples from this period), or without assignment to period due to lack of contextual information (21 of 35 samples unassigned to a period). These results show a continuous consumption of nicotine from the Late Formative to the Late Intermediate periods of SPA (ca. 100 B.C.1450 A.D.). No associations were found between presence of nicotine in the hair of mummies and presence of snuffing trays or of other snuffing paraphernalia in the corresponding tomb; furthermore, neither the diversity of the funerary context, measured in terms of the number of types of objects, nor the presence of gemstone necklaces differed between tombs with mummies with or without nicotine in their hair. Overall, these results suggest that consumption of nicotine was performed by members of the society at large, irrespective of their social and wealth status. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440313001593
ahí tení wn... http://paleorama.wordpress.com/2013/07/14/detectada-nicotina-en-el-pelo-de-momias-chilenas/
